Diamond parcel blocking and export disputes, the 2022 settlement over security-related human rights claims, and the condition of the tailings facility after past failures.

Mwadui is one of the oldest continuously worked kimberlite mines in the world, in production since the 1940s, with the Tanzanian state holding a substantial minority stake alongside its listed operator. Output is modest by value but politically prominent.

Operations have been repeatedly interrupted by export blocking, disputes over parcel valuation and the cost of maintaining ageing infrastructure.

Claims of assaults and deaths involving mine security around Mwadui led to a settlement and a reformed grievance mechanism, which remains the most serious human rights case in Tanzanian diamond mining.

A tailings dam failure in the past decade damaged farmland downstream, and the adequacy of compensation and of the rebuilt facility is still contested locally.