Operators across four countries are turning to solar-diesel hybrids and private transmission as grid tariffs and reliability push processing costs above budget.

Harmonised declarations have cut transit times on the Northern Corridor. Traders say the same system is making undeclared tonnage far harder to move.

From August, tantalum shipments into the European Union must carry a full digital chain-of-custody. Kigali’s refiners say they are ready. Their upstream suppliers are less certain.

Bank of Uganda data shows refined gold accounted for 38% of merchandise exports in the first quarter.