African Gold Refinery Limited

Entebbe refinery

Uganda's best-known gold refinery, whose arrival reshaped regional gold flows and drew scrutiny over the origin of the metal it processes.

Bullion Refinery Limited

Kampala-based refiner handling domestic and imported gold, one of several plants that grew with Uganda's export boom.

Burlcore Mining Company Limited

A medium-scale gold operator in Busia District that has published a community investment programme alongside its mining activity.

Busitema Mining Company Limited

Long-standing Busia gold operator working the Busitema and Tiira ground with its own milling and recovery circuit.

Gold exploration licence holders

Mubende, Kassanda, Buhweju and Namayingo belts

Junior and mid-tier companies holding exploration licences over Uganda's main gold belts, several of them overlapping ground already worked by artisanal miners.

Kampala gold trading houses

Licensed dealers and export agents

The licensed dealer layer between mine and refinery, now the focus of fraud investigations and export compliance reviews.

Karamoja gold operators and associations

Rupa, Nakabat and Moroto-area workings

Thousands of artisanal diggers and a growing number of registered associations working alluvial and hard-rock gold across Karamoja, the focus of Uganda's formalisation drive.

Simba Gold Refinery Limited

Refining and trading operation within the Kampala gold cluster, part of the group of plants that emerged after 2016.

Tiira and Amonikakinei processing operators

Cluster of licensed plants and mining associations

A cluster of medium-scale plants and licensed associations in Busia that process ore for themselves and for artisanal producers nearby.

Wagagai Mining (Uganda) Company Limited

Tiira gold mine and processing plant

Chinese-invested gold mining and processing venture at Tiira in Busia District, presented by government as one of the largest single investments in Uganda's gold sector.

Kilembe Mines Limited

Uganda's historic copper and cobalt asset in the Rwenzori foothills, dormant as a producing mine for decades and repeatedly put back to market by government.

Rwenzori Rare Metals Limited

Makuutu Rare Earths Project

The Makuutu project in eastern Uganda is the country's most advanced rare earths development and the first real test of Ugandan regulation of a critical minerals asset.

Sukulu phosphates and steel complex

The Sukulu hills complex in Tororo is Uganda's largest industrial minerals project, combining phosphate fertiliser production with steel and acid plants.

Buckreef Gold Company Limited

TRX Gold and STAMICO joint venture

A state-partnered mid-tier gold operation in the Rwamagaza belt, notable as the clearest working example of STAMICO holding a producing equity stake.

Geita Gold Mining Limited

AngloGold Ashanti — Geita mine

Tanzania's flagship large-scale gold mine, operated by AngloGold Ashanti in the Lake Victoria goldfields and one of the country's largest single taxpayers.

Mineral market centres and licensed buyers

Geita, Chunya, Mererani and 40-plus trading hubs

The state-run mineral market system that formalised artisanal gold trading in Tanzania and sharply lifted recorded small-scale output.

STAMICO

State Mining Corporation

Tanzania's state mining corporation, holding equity in joint ventures, running its own assets and acting as the vehicle for the government's free-carried interests.

Twiga Minerals — North Mara and Bulyanhulu

Barrick and Government of Tanzania joint venture

The state-partnered joint venture that resolved Tanzania's dispute with Barrick, holding the North Mara and Bulyanhulu gold mines under a 16 per cent government shareholding.

Tembo Nickel Corporation

Kabanga nickel project

The Kabanga sulphide nickel project, held by a state-partnered vehicle and pitched as a battery-metals refinery anchor rather than a concentrate exporter.

Williamson Diamonds Limited

The historic Mwadui diamond mine, state-partnered and intermittently operating, with an unresolved tailings-dam and community record.

Gold exploration licence holders

Migori, Turkana, West Pokot and Trans Nzoia belts

Juniors returning to Kenyan gold ground as the licensing moratorium lifts, several of them on belts already worked by artisanal cooperatives.

Kilimapesa Gold Limited

Kilimapesa mine, Migori gold belt

Kenya's best-known small commercial gold mine, on the Migori–Transmara belt, repeatedly recapitalised and the main test case for licensed hard-rock gold in the country.

Migori and Kakamega artisanal gold cooperatives

Rongo, Osiri, Macalder, Ikolomani and Rosterman workings

Kenya's real gold industry: tens of thousands of artisanal miners on the western greenstone belts, organised into cooperatives that the state is now trying to license and buy from.

Nairobi gold refiners and licensed dealers

The Nairobi refining and dealing cluster — small in declared volume, outsized in reputational risk, and the entry point for most Kenyan gold fraud cases.

Base Titanium Limited

Kwale mineral sands operation

Kenya's only modern large-scale mine, the Kwale mineral sands operation, now in closure after a decade that set the country's benchmark for reporting and resettlement.